Three-dimensional appearance of the lips muscles with three-dimensional isotropic MRI: in vivo study.
(2009) International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery — Vol. 4, n° 4, p. 349-352 (2009)
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- Abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Our knowledge of facial muscles is based primarily on atlases and cadaveric studies. This study describes a non-invasive in vivo method (3D MRI) for segmenting and reconstructing facial muscles in a three-dimensional fashion. METHODS: Three-dimensional (3D), T1-weighted, 3 Tesla, isotropic MRI was applied to a subject. One observer performed semi-automatic segmentation using the Editor module from the 3D Slicer software (Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA), version 3.2. RESULTS: We were able to successfully outline and three-dimensionally reconstruct the following facial muscles: pars labialis orbicularis oris, m. levatro labii superioris alaeque nasi, m. levator labii superioris, m. zygomaticus major and minor, m. depressor anguli oris, m. depressor labii inferioris, m. mentalis, m. buccinator, and m. orbicularis oculi. CONCLUSIONS: 3D reconstruction of the lip muscles should be taken into consideration in order to improve the accuracy and individualization of existing 3D facial soft tissue models. More studies are needed to further develop efficient methods for segmentation in this field.
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Olszewski, R., Liu, Y., Duprez, T., Xu, T. M., & Reychler, H. (2009). Three-dimensional appearance of the lips muscles with three-dimensional isotropic MRI: in vivo study. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 4(4), 349-352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-009-0352-8 (Original work published 2009)