We increasingly interact with computing devices that are either worn on the body (e.g., smartphones, smartwatches) or are embedded within our surroundings (e.g., smart homes, smart offices). These interactions occur through a variety of input methods, including physical buttons and knobs, mid-air gestures, touch, and voice commands. With the exception of voice, these modalities require direct or near-direct physical contact with the device, typically involving line-of-sight or proximity for touch or grasp. However, interaction becomes constrained or entirely infeasible (i) when the interaction device is covered (e.g., when a smartphone is inside a pocket or a smartwatch is covered by a jacket sleeve), (ii) in sterile environments requiring separation between the user and device (e.g., when wearing personal protective equipment), or (iii) when interfaces are deliberately concealed for aesthetic, safety, or functional reasons. Enabling interaction in such contexts is important to leverage the computational capabilities embedded in our environments. Yet, current technologies remain limited when interaction through occluding materials is needed. In this chapter, we examine existing research on the use
Attygalle, N., Kljun, M., Sluÿters, A., & Pucihar, K. Č. (2026). Radar-Based Human-Computer Interaction when Sensing Through Materials. In Klen Čopič Pucihar, Radu-Daniel Vatavu, Dariush Salami, Nuwan T. Attygalle (eds.) (ed.), Radar-Based Human-Computer Interaction (p. p. 71-94). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-04327-6_4