Modelling excesses over a high threshold using the Pareto or generalized Pareto distribution (PD/GPD) is the most Popular approach in extreme value statistics. This method typically requires high thresholds in order for the (G)PD to fit well and in such a case applies only to a small upper fraction of the data. The extension of the (G)PD proposed in this paper is able to describe the excess distribution for lower thresholds in case of heavy-tailed distributions. This yields a statistical model that can be fitted to a larger portion of the data. Moreover, estimates of tail parameters display stability for a larger range of thresholds. Our findings are Supported by asymptotic results, simulations and a case study. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Beirlant, J., Joossens, E., & Segers, J. (2009). Second-order refined peaks-over-threshold modelling for heavy-tailed distributions. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 139(8), 2800-2815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2009.01.006 (Original work published 2009)