Pain and depression in older people: Comorbidity and patterns of help seeking
(2009) Journal of Affective Disorders — Vol. 117, n° 3, p. 193-196 (2009)
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- Background: Chronic pain and mood disorders are common in older people. Their relationship however remains unclear. Only a few studies have investigated the role of pain in mental health service use and received psychopharmacological treatment. Methods: Cross-sectional study of the 65+ subsample from the European Study on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD). 4401 non-institutionalized individuals were interviewed using the third version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-3.0). Results: Painful physical symptoms (PPS) were more likely in people with a 12-month major depressive episode (MDE) than in those without (OR=2.0). Help seeking for emotional problems was uncommon, but PPS were a significant predictor of help-seeking (OR=1.7). Respondents with MDE more frequently used benzodiazepines than antidepressants. The presence of PPS in respondents without depression resulted in a significant increase in the use of psychotropic medication. Conclusions: PPS were strongly and independently associated with major depressive disorder. Their presence had an influence on help seeking behavior and use of psychotropic medication. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of this study does not allow determination of direction of causality. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Bonnewyn, A., Katona, C., Bruffaerts, R., Haro, J. M., de Graaf, R., Alonso, J., & Demyttenaere, K. (2009). Pain and depression in older people: Comorbidity and patterns of help seeking. Journal of Affective Disorders, 117(3), 193-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.01.012 (Original work published 2009)