The atmospheric CO/sub 2/ concentrations have been reconstructed over the past 600 ka based on regression between the Vostok CO/sub 2/ data and the SPECMAP oxygen isotope values. A lag of 4.5 ka (CO/sub 2/ preceding delta /sup 18/O) gives the best results. A polynomial of order 5 explains 66% of the Vostok CO/sub 2/ variance over the last 220 ka. The Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet volume was simulated over the past 575 ka using the LLN 2-D model, forced by insolation and these statistically reconstructed atmospheric CO/sub 2/ concentrations. The simulated ice volume fluctuations resemble the deep-sea oxygen isotope variations. CO/sub 2 / of interglacial level is necessary for explaining both the interglacial at oxygen isotopic stage 11 and our present-day interglacial.
Li, X. S., Berger, A., & Loutre, M.-F. (1998). CO/sub 2/ and Northern Hemisphere ice volume variations over the Middle and Late Quaternary. Climate Dynamics, 14(7-8), 537-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050240 (Original work published 1998)