This article discusses radiation phenomena in a metamaterial leaky wave antenna working around 3 GHz and enabling a frequency beam steering simultaneously in the plane of the substrate and in its normal plane. The structure is based on a metamaterial transmission line periodically loaded by series capacitive gaps and complementary split ring resonators. Full-wave simulations and measurements of radiation pattern show a minimum in the broadside direction, creating a rotating beam splitting in the plane of the substrate. This phenomenon is successfully correlated to a particular current pattern observed on the microstrip conductors of the structure.
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Eggermont, S., & Huynen, I. (2011). Leaky Wave Radiation Phenomena in Metamaterial Transmission Line based on Complementary Split Ring Resonators. Microwave & Optical Technology Letters, 53(9), 2025-2029. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.26208 (Original work published 2011)