Fertility of male workers exposed to cadmium, lead, or manganese
(1992) American Journal of Epidemiology — Vol. 135, n° 11, p. 1208-1219 (1992)
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- The effect of exposure to cadmium, lead, or manganese on male reproductive function was examined in 1988-1989 in Belgian blue-collar workers. The workers were exposed to cadmium in two smelters (n = 83; geometric mean urinary cadmium level = 6.94 micrograms/g of creatinine; mean duration of exposure = 24 years), to lead in a battery factory (n = 74; mean blood lead level = 46.3 micrograms/dl; mean duration of exposure = 10.7 years), or to manganese (manganese dioxide) in a dry alkaline battery plant (n = 70; median atmospheric concentration of total manganese dust = 0.71 mg/m3; mean duration of exposure = 6.2 years). Fertility in these workers and in an unexposed population (n = 138) was assessed by examining the birth experiences of their wives through a logistic regression model. The probability of a live birth was not different between the unexposed workers and the cadmium- or manganese-exposed workers before or after the onset of exposure. While the fertility of the lead-exposed workers was somewhat greater than that of the unexposed before the onset of exposure, a significant decrease in fertility was observed during the period of exposure to the metal (odds ratio = 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.43-0.98).
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Gennart, J.-P., Buchet, J.-P., Roels, H., Ghyselen, P., Ceulemans, E., & Lauwerys, R. (1992). Fertility of male workers exposed to cadmium, lead, or manganese. American Journal of Epidemiology, 135(11), 1208-1219. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116227 (Original work published 1992)