Robust integration of direct air capture in power-to-methane systems: techno-economic feasibility study under uncertainty

Coppitters, Diederik;Alexis Costa;Lionel Dubois;Diane Thomas;Contino, Francesco;et.al.
(2022) ECOS 2022 35th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems — Location: Copenhagen, Denmark (3.July.2022)

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Abstract
Direct Air Capture (DAC) technologies extract CO2 directly from the atmosphere and, therefore, compensate for the emissions from sectors that are difficult to decarbonize, e.g. aviation and heavy-duty mobility. However, due to the diluted CO2 in the atmosphere, DAC suffers from high costs and a significant energy footprint. When integrating DAC in power-to-gas systems, several underexplored synergies unfold that reduce the energy and water demand of the system, such as waste heat recycling from methanation and water recovery in the DAC unit. Interconnecting these energy and water streams results in a highly integrated system that is fragile towards changes in ambient and operating conditions. We developed a power-to-gas system with solid sorbent direct air capture and evaluated the energy efficiency and water self-sufficiency ratio under uncertain ambient and operating conditions. The results illustrate that operating at a desorption temperature of 61C, instead of 100oC, results in a water self-sufficient system under average ambient conditions for Belgium, at the expense of a reduction in the energy efficiency of 4% absolute (from 59% to 55%). Considering ambient and operating uncertainties results in a limited uncertainty on the energy efficiency (mean = 59.4%, standard deviation = 0.61%), but a significant uncertainty on the water self-sufficiency ratio (mean = 49.6%, standard deviation = 6.18%). Adopting time series for the ambient conditions is the main action to reduce uncertainty on the quantities of interest. Future work will focus on the dynamic operation of the system, including energy storage and renewable energy technologies.
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Coppitters, D., Alexis Costa, Lionel Dubois, Diane Thomas, Guy De Weireld, & Contino, F. (2022). Robust integration of direct air capture in power-to-methane systems: techno-economic feasibility study under uncertainty. Proceedings of ECOS 2022 35th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of, 35(35), 1497-1508. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/103984 (Original work published 2022)