Extramedullary relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after stem-cell transplant is very rare and often remains a diagnostic challenge. Although the diagnostic value of PET/CT has not been evaluated thoroughly in leukemia, it might be useful for detecting these focal localizations. We presented a case of a 58-year-old man, with a prior history of localized bladder cancer and a secondary AML, referred to our hospital with important thoracic backaches. PET/CT revealed the presence of meningeal carcinomatosis at the thoracic level, as well as lymph nodes, and muscular and bone metastases. Immunophenotyping of the cerebrospinal fluid aspirate showed a relapse of AML.
Schollaert, P., Loosen, C., André, M., Chatelain, B., & Krug, B. (2012). An atypical relapse of acute myeloid leukemia diagnosed by 18F-FDG PET/CT. Clinical Nuclear Medicine, 37(10), 1018-1021. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0b013e3182639712 (Original work published 2012)