An essential localization of a finitely complete category C is a full reflective subcategory D whose reflection has itself a left adjoint. D can then be seen as a C-indexed category and the localization is open when the adjunctions are indexed ones. We give equivalent conditions for the openness of a localization and prove that, with good conditions on C, open localizations constitute a locale.
Borceux, F., & Korostenski, M. (1991). Open Localizations. Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, 74(3), 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4049(91)90113-G (Original work published 1991)