In this paper, we present the design of a planar unbiased microwave circulator operating at K-band. Using a composite substrate, combining a polymer membrane with an array of ferromagnetic nanowires, yields a nonreciprocal behavior similar to that obtained with ferrites but without requiring any biasing DC magnetic field. This is a tremendous advantage compared to existing commercial solutions for such devices. A model has been developed for the whole circulator, and is validated by measurements on a first prototype. It is used as a design tool for optimizing the performances of future prototypes: the sensitivity to various technological parameters allows us to identify the most crucial ones for a planar integration.
Saib, A., Darques, M., Piraux, L., Vanhoenacker-Janvier, D., & Huynen, I. (2004). Design of a unbiased microwave circulator using a magnetic nanowired substrate. Conference Proceedings. 34th European Microwave Conference (IEEE Cat.No.04EX963), Vol. 3, p. 1353-6.