Virtually, any disorder of the nervous system is accompanied by / results in / is caused by abnormal neuronal activity or excitability. Abnormal neural activity might be more than a bio-marker of disease progression; it might be considered as a therapeutic target. Nowadays, the question is not whether we can modulate purposefully neural activity but how we should do it. Beyond the physiological modulation of neurotransmission occurring “spontaneously”, neuromodulation is defined as the alteration of neural activity through the delivery of pharmaceutical agents,electrical signals, or other forms of energy to targeted sites of the body. We have (too?) many methods to apply therapeutic neuromodulation, ranging from invasive (surgically implanted devices) to non-invasive (transcranial / peripheral nerve stimulations, phototherapy, neurofeedback,etc…), from neurochemical (drugs) to electro-magnetic. It is conceivable that, in a few years, most sessions of neurorehabilitation will be coupled with targeted neuromodulation.
Vandermeeren, Y. (2016). Neuromodulation close at hand for neuro-rehabilitation. Belgian Society for Neurorehabilitation - Symposium 2016, Bruxelles. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/231348