Serum and sputum calprotectin, a reflection of neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthmatics after high-altitude exposure.
(2017) Clinical and Experimental Allergy — Vol. 47, p. 1675-1677 (2017)
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- (en) Until recently, asthma has been characterized as a T(h)2 disorder with eosinophilic airway inflammation. However, several studies showed the existence of patients with asthma characterized by neutrophilic airway inflammation.1 Seys et al2,3 showed an increased proportion of sputum neutrophils in asthmatic patients after exposure to environmental conditions at high altitude (HA) and in elite athletes after intensive exercise (swimming). As patients with neutrophilic asthma poorly respond to classic therapies such as inhaled corticosteroids, it is crucial to identify these patients to predict their medication response and to provide them with an appropriate therapy.4 Non-invasive sputum induction is used to determine the degree of neutrophilic airway inflammation, but this method is labour intensive and 20% of patients are not able to produce a sputum sample with sufficient quality for differential cell count analysis.5 Therefore, the use of serum biomarkers could be an alternative tool to identify the patients’ cellular sputum profile. Serum biomarkers for neutrophilic inflammation have already been identified in other chronic inflammatory diseases. Serum calprotectin (SC) (S100A8/A9), highly present in the cytosol of neutrophils and released upon neutrophil activation, is elevated in serum of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cystic fibrosis (CF) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which are also characterized by local neutrophilic inflammation.6-8 We hypothesized that asthmatic patients with neutrophilic airway inflammation may have increased SC levels due to leakage of calprotectin from the airways into the bloodstream. In this study, we analysed SC levels and correlated them with the proportion of sputum neutrophils in 2 subpopulations of subjects (asthmatics with neutrophilic airway inflammation and non-asthmatics) [...]
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Decaesteker, T., Seys, S., Hox, V., Dilissen, E., Marijsse, G., Manhaeghe, L., Hellings, P., Vanoirbeek, J., Bullens, D., & Dupont, L. (2017). Serum and sputum calprotectin, a reflection of neutrophilic airway inflammation in asthmatics after high-altitude exposure. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 47, 1675-1677. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.13043 (Original work published 2017)