Essai d’amélioration du taux de fructification des cultivars florifères du complexe Dioscorea cayenensis-Dioscorea rotundata au centre du Bénin

Denadi, Narcisse
(2019) Valorisation des résultats de recherche et de l’innovation technologique, un facteur de developpement des nations — Location: Université d’Abomey-Calavi (16.September.2019)

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  • Denadi, NarcisseUCLouvain
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Abstract
Cultivated yams from the D. cayenensis-D. rotundata species complex are among the major food crops that contribute to food security / sovereignty and poverty reduction in West Africa and in Benin in particular. However, their production is particularly confronted with seed constraints. These yams, although vegetatively propagated plants bloom and fruit with very variable rates between different cultivars and different female feet. The objective of this study is to improve the fruiting rate of flowering cultivars of the Dioscorea cayenensis-D rotundata species complex. In order to ensure security / sovereignty of seeds / seeds to producers who wish to undertake production from seed seeds. Through a participatory approach, the villages of Ouèssè and Lahotan (Municipality of Savalou) Idaho and Soclogbo (Municipality of Dassa-Zoumè) were surveyed. In the different fields, the female and male feet were placed on the same stake. Observations of floral biology were made. At the same time, the inflorescences of the male cultivars were harvested for the study of in vitro pollen germination. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance, the fish test with the General Linear Model (GLM) and the Pearson correlation. The results showed that the fruiting rate observed by natural hybridization according to the peasant system is very low (16% on average). Bringing male and female feet together on the same stake increased the fruiting rate by 10% on average. The male cultivars Flou, Alassoro and Laboko had the highest pollen germination rates (96.66%, 94.44% and 80% respectively) while the cultivars Watchabim and Wetanam had the lowest rates ( 0% and 20% respectively). Coupling with male spawners with a relatively high pollen germination rate has further increased the fruiting rate (at least 15%) and reduced the rate of malformed fruit by at least 12%. The rate of fruiting within cultivated yams of the D.cayenensis-D species complex. rotundata is very weak at present. For its improvement we can adopt a cropping system, which favors the bringing together of male and female feet on the same stake in order to minimize the pollination distance. Therefore, we will have to choose males with vigorous pollen to increase the chance of pollination.
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Denadi, N. (2019). Essai d’amélioration du taux de fructification des cultivars florifères du complexe Dioscorea cayenensis-Dioscorea rotundata au centre du Bénin. Valorisation des résultats de recherche et de l’innovation technologique, un facteur de developpement des nations, Université d’Abomey-Calavi. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/169528