L2 English Learner Varieties
(2026) The Cambridge Handbook of English Corpus Linguistics — ISBN: [9781009477888], 509-528, published
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- This chapter focuses on learner corpora of L2 English and the analysis of learner language varieties. In the first part of the chapter, we describe the main characteristics of learner corpus data and present a survey of the aspects that have most often been dealt with in the literature within the frame of learner corpus research (LCR) and its three main research orientations (descriptive, predictive and pedagogical). A number of representative studies are selected to illustrate various facets of LCR. We then describe the methods that are typically used in LCR, including multimethod approaches. We identify the recent advances in LCR as well as the challenges that it still needs to address in terms of data collection, methodology, linguistic analysis and applications. In the second part of the chapter, the main aspects of LCR are illustrated in an empirical study that we conducted on the use of discourse markers (DMs) in learner spoken English. The study compares six frequent two-word DMs (and so, and then, I mean, in fact, sort of, you know) in native and learner speech, both from a quantitative and qualitative perspective. The study considers individual texts in addition to entire corpora, showing that corpora may display a high degree of internal variability.
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Gilquin, G., & Granger, S. (2026). L2 English Learner Varieties. In R. Reppen, L. Goulart, D. Biber (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of English Corpus Linguistics (pp. 509-528). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009477888.026