Venous Malformations of the Head and Neck.
(2018) Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America — Vol. 51, n° 1, p. 173-184 (2018)
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- Abstract
- Venous malformations (VMs) of the head and neck arise from deficits in the development of venous network. Clinically, VMs are highly variable, from small and asymptomatic varicosities to massive cervicofacial lesions. Therapeutic approaches include surgery; laser photocoagulation; sclerotherapy; and, more recently, systemic targeted drugs. This article discusses the natural history, diagnosis, and management of VMs.
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Citations
Seront, E., Vikkula, M., & Boon, L. (2018). Venous Malformations of the Head and Neck. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, 51(1), 173-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2017.09.003 (Original work published 2018)