We investigate and compare the spatial distribution of manufacturing activity and its determinants in Belguim, Ireland, and Portugal using comparable, exhaustive micro-level data sets.We find some similarities between Portugal and Belguim, but little for Ireland. Moreover, there is some evidence that forward and backward linkages as well as dependence on natural advantages can be important determinants of agglomeration.
Barrios, S., Bertinelli, L., Strobl, E., & Teixeira, A. (2003). Agglomeration economies and the location of industries: a comparison of three small European countries (ECON Discussion Papers 2003/70). https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/39707