Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory arterial disease of unclear origin, that may affect virtually all middle-sized arteries, mostly found in young or middle-aged women. More than half of patients have lesions in two or more arterial beds. While many cases are asymptomatic or associated with aspecific symptoms (mild hypertension, migraines, tinnitus), a number of patients develop severe complications such as resistant hypertension, carotid dissection, early stroke or mesenteric ischemia. Two subtypes of FMD have been described: focal and multifocal FMD. Focal FMD, characterized by a focal arterial stenosis of variable length is often difficult to differentiate from localized atherosclerosis, inflammatory or genetic arterial diseases. [...]
Persu, A., Fanelli, E., Latosinska, A., & Mischak, H. (2022). The urinary proteomic profile of fibromuscular dysplasia. Blood Pressure Monitoring, 27(Suppl 1), e8-e9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mbp.0000905236.23950.d5 (Original work published 2022)