Les oulémas syriens aux XXe-XXIe siècles : la tradition comme ressource face aux défis du changement social et de l'autoritarisme
(2009)
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- Abstract
- (en) Despite the conflictual nature of the relations between the Syrian regime and the country's Sunni ulema, the latter's political behaviour is not that of an opposition strictly speaking. Regardless of the clerics various political orientations, they tend to act as a a sectorial elite engaged in a difficult process of negociation with the political-military establishment. The relatively advantageous position they enjoy in this negociation stems from their capacity to resist the marginalization that was supposed to occur as a result of social change and Ba‘thist authoritarian secularism. This resistance was made possible not only by the state's deficiencies in terms of bureaucratization of the religious field but also by the ulema's use of the ressources of both modern and traditional means of education in order to widen their audience in a context of Islamic "awakening". The first part of this research describes the structuration of Damascus and Aleppo's religious scenes from the French Mandate to the early 21st century. The second part deals with two key dimensions of the ulema's self-legitimization, that is, their training, wich was partially institutionalized since the late Ottoman period, and the definition of orthodoxy, whose traditional conception was challenged by the contemporary Salafi trend. As for the third and last part, it presents the growing – even if conflictual – integration of the Sunni clergy into an elite coalition composed of businessmen and political-military responsibles.
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Citations
Pierret, T. (2009). Les oulémas syriens aux XXe-XXIe siècles : la tradition comme ressource face aux défis du changement social et de l’autoritarisme. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/45921