Natural photonic crystals (PCs) are responsible for the iridescent colors found in some species of butterflies and beetles. Besides the bright colors, some of these PCs display unexpected properties, such as optical sensitivity to gases (Morpho), polarization effects (Papilio blumei) and anti reflective coating (ARC, Greta oto). In this work, we have studied these properties in details and we have micro-fabricated artificial bio- inspired photonic crystals exhibiting the same behaviours. Three different kinds of applications were then highlighted: anti-counterfeiting surface, gaz sensor and ARC for solar cell. The technological potential of each application has been discussed.