Clostridium difficile toxin A is chemotactic for neutrophils and induces their emigration into the colonic mucosae of rodents. We found that toxin A did not upregulate neutrophil beta 2 integrins on isolated human neutrophils. These data support the hypothesis that in C. difficile colitis, these adhesion molecules are upregulated by endogenous mediators.
Warny, M., Delmée, M., & Chatelain, B. (1996). Effect of Clostridium difficile toxin A on CD11/CD18 expression in vitro. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, 3(5), 605-607. https://hdl.handle.net/2078.5/81769 (Original work published 1996)