On the Identification of Individual Gravitational-wave Image Types of a Lensed System Using Higher-order Modes

(2021) Astrophysical Journal Letters — Vol. 923 (2021)

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Abstract
Similarly to light, gravitational waves can be gravitationally lensed as they propagate near massive astrophysical objects such as galaxies, stars, or black holes. In recent years, forecasts have suggested a reasonable chance of strong gravitational-wave lensing detections with the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA detector network at design sensitivity. As a consequence, methods to analyze lensed detections have seen rapid development. However, the impact of higher-order modes on the lensing analyses is still under investigation. In this work, we show that the presence of higher-order modes enables the identification of individual image types for the observed gravitational-wave events when two lensed images are detected, which would lead to unambiguous confirmation of lensing. In addition, we show that higher-order mode content can be analyzed more accurately with strongly lensed gravitational-wave events.
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Janquart, J., & et al. (2021). On the Identification of Individual Gravitational-wave Image Types of a Lensed System Using Higher-order Modes. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 923. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac3bcf (Original work published 2021)