The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of stoichiometric hydroxylapatite (HA) has been studied up to 1500 degrees C for the purpose of determining the maximum admissible combinations of temperature and time for sintering HA. The influence of the sintering temperature on shrinkage, density and grain growth is then investigated in the temperature range from 1000 to 1450 degrees C. Nearly theoretical density was achieved above 1300 degrees C. A maximum fracture toughness is obtained for the samples sintered at 1300 degrees C whereas hardness increases up to a sintering temperature of 1400 degrees C. These results are discussed in terms of the roles of porosity and grain size.
Vanlanduyt, P., Munting, E., Li, F., Keustermans, JP., Streydio, J.-M., & Delannay, F. (1995). The Influence of High Sintering Temperatures On the Mechanical-properties of Hydroxylapatite. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 6(1), 8-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00121239 (Original work published 1995)