Light-driven water splitting was achieved using a dye-sensitized mesoporous oxide film and the oxidation of bromide (Br−) to bromine (Br2) or tribromide (Br3−). The chemical oxidant (Br2 or Br3−) is formed during illumination at the photoanode and used as a sacrificial oxidant to drive a water oxidation catalyst (WOC), here demonstrated using [Ru(bda)(pic)2], (1; pic=picoline, bda=2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-dicarboxylate). The photochemical oxidation of bromide produces a chemical oxidant with a potential of 1.09 V vs. NHE for the Br2/Br− couple or 1.05 V vs. NHE for the Br3−/Br− couple, which is sufficient to drive water oxidation at 1 (RuV/IV≈1.0 V vs. NHE at pH 5.6). At pH 5.6, using a 0.2 m acetate buffer containing 40 mm LiBr and the [Ru(4,4′-PO3H2-bpy)(bpy)2]2+ (RuP2+, bpy=2,2′-bipyridine) chromophore dye on a SnO2/TiO2 core–shell electrode resulted in a photocurrent density of around 1.2 mA cm−2 under approximately 1 Sun illumination and a Faradaic efficiency upon addition of 1 of 77 % for oxygen evolution.
Sheridan, M. V., Wang, Y., Wang, D., Troian-Gautier, L., Dares, C. J., Sherman, B. D., & Meyer, T. J. (2018). Light-Driven Water Splitting Mediated by Photogenerated Bromine. Angewandte Chemie, 130(13), 3507-3511. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201708879 (Original work published 2018)