Low-dose penicillin in early life induces long-term changes in murine gut microbiota, brain cytokines and behavior

Leclercq, Sophie;Mian, Firoz M;Stanisz, Andrew M;Bindels, Laure;Bienenstock, John;et.al.
(2017) Nature Communications — Vol. 8, p. 15062 ^1-12] (2017)

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Abstract
There is increasing concern about potential long-term effects of antibiotics on children's health. Epidemiological studies have revealed that early-life antibiotic exposure can increase the risk of developing immune and metabolic diseases, and rodent studies have shown that administration of high doses of antibiotics has long-term effects on brain neurochemistry and behaviour. Here we investigate whether low-dose penicillin in late pregnancy and early postnatal life induces long-term effects in the offspring of mice. We find that penicillin has lasting effects in both sexes on gut microbiota, increases cytokine expression in frontal cortex, modifies blood-brain barrier integrity and alters behaviour. The antibiotic-treated mice exhibit impaired anxiety-like and social behaviours, and display aggression. Concurrent supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1 prevents some of these alterations. These results warrant further studies on the potential role of early-life antibiotic use in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, and the possible attenuation of these by beneficial bacteria.
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Leclercq, S., Mian, F. M., Stanisz, A. M., Bindels, L., Cambier, E., Ben-Amram, H., Koren, O., Forsythe, P., & Bienenstock, J. (2017). Low-dose penicillin in early life induces long-term changes in murine gut microbiota, brain cytokines and behavior. Nature Communications, 8, 15062 ^1-12]. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15062 (Original work published 2017)