This paper is a review of the experimental evidence showing that specific binding sites for dihydropyridine Ca antagonists are involved in inhibition of stimulus-dependent Ca entry into arterial cells and thereby in inhibition of the contractile response. The apparent affinity of the dihydropyridine binding site is related to the proportion of a high- and a low-affinity state which is regulated by membrane potential but could also be dependent upon other factors such as G proteins. Among Ca antagonists, a subgroup of agents exhibiting voltage dependence may be identified. Their apparent pharmacological potency is highly dependent on resting membrane potential and on the duration of the depolarizing stimulus.
Godfraind, T., Morel, N., & Wibo, M. (1990). Modulation of the action of calcium antagonists in arteries. Blood Vessels, 27(2-5), 184-196. https://doi.org/10.1159/000158809 (Original work published 1990)