Sandpile Models in the Large

(2021) Frontiers in Physics — Vol. 9, p. 48 (2021)

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Abstract
This contribution is a review of the deep and powerful connection between the large-scale properties of critical systems and their description in terms of a field theory. Although largely applicable to many other models, the details of this connection are illustrated in the class of two-dimensional Abelian sandpile models. Bulk and boundary height variables, spanning tree–related observables, boundary conditions, and dissipation are all discussed in this context and found to have a proper match in the field theoretic description.
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Ruelle, P. (2021). Sandpile Models in the Large. Frontiers in Physics, 9, 48. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.641966 (Original work published 2021)